Theme: Past Perfect (Grammar)

April, 6 / 8

Сьогодні ми працювати над граматикою. Тема заняття - Past Perfect (минулий доконаний). Ми також переглянемо пригадаємо Past Simple (минулий неозначений) та визначимо відмінності між цими часами. Спочатку опрацюємо нові правила, потім виконаємо декілька вправ для закріплення граматичного матеріалу. Наприкінці заняття ВСІ учні мають написати коротенький тест і відправити мені до 10 квітня. Розпочинаємо!

1. Read the informatiom about the Past Perfect, write down these rules in your copybook and learn.

Remember!
affirmative:S + had + V -ed/3.
eg.: They had cooked dinner by five o`clock.

       My brother had found a new job by Saturday.

negative: S + hadn`t + V -ed/3.
eg.: They hadn`t cooked dinner by five o`clock.

       My brother hadn`t found a new job by Saturday.

interrogative:Had + S + V -ed/3 ?
               QW + had + S + V -ed/3 ?
eg.: Had they cooked dinner by five o`clock?
       Had my brother found a new job by Saturday?
       Why had they cooked dinner by five o`clock?
       What had my brother found by Saturday?

We use the Past Perfect :
-- for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past.

eg.: When I saw John yesterday he was happy because he had found a new job.

Note!
The Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect.
eg.: There was no pizza left, my little brother had eaten it all. (Past Perfect)

       There is no pizza left, My little brother has just eaten it all. (Present Perfect)

Time expressions used with the Past Perfect: by (by the time, by the end of the year, by Saturday, by four o`clock), before, after, since, for, ever, already, yet, .. 

2. Complete the sentences with the words: after, before, when, by, for (ex.1, p.173)

Past Simple & Past Perfect.
Remember! Past Simple we use when we talk about:
-- past action which happened one after the other;
-- past habit or state;
-- completed action or event which happened at a stated past time.
When you choose between Past Simple and Past Perfect, you need to state which action happened first.

 eg.: When I left the house, I realised that I had forgotten my keys.

       The first action is `I had forgotten my keys`
       The second - ` I left the house and realised`

3. Fill the sentences with Past Simple or Past Perfect.
a) After I ______ (finish) cleaning our garden I _____ (decide) to go for a walk.
b) Marta ______ (not/start) studing before John ______ (leave).
c) When he _____ (see) Julie, he _____ (realise) that he ____ (meet) Kate before.
d) She _____ (eat) all the sweets by the time the other children _____ (arrive) at the party.
e) The patient ______ (die) before the ambulance ______ (reach) the hospital.
f) When Julie _____ (arrive) to the cinema, the film _____ (already/start).

4. Make up 3 sentences about yourself using Past Perfect.