Theme: Past Perfect (Grammar)
April, 13 / 15
Сьогодні ми продовжуємо працювати над граматикою. Тема заняття - Past Perfect (минулий доконаний час). Спочатку опрацюємо правила, потім виконаємо декілька вправ для закріплення граматичного матеріалу. Наприкінці заняття ВСІ учні напишуть коротенький тест і відправлять мені до 17 квітня. Розпочинаємо!
1. Read the informatiom about the Past Perfect and write down these rules.Learn them!
Remember!
affirmative: S + had + V -ed/3.
eg.:
They had cooked dinner by five o`clock.
My brother
had found a new job by Saturday.
eg.: They hadn`t cooked dinner by five o`clock.
My brother hadn`t found a new job by Saturday.
QW + had + S + V -ed/3 ?
eg.: Why had they cooked dinner by five o`clock?
What had my brother found by Saturday?
Had they cooked dinner by five o`clock?
Had my brother found a new job by Saturday?
We use the Past Perfect :
eg.: She had already baked a chocolate cake when her husband came home. (She baked a cake first and then her husband came)
eg.: When I saw John yesterday he was happy because he had found a new job.
Note!The Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect.
eg.: There was no pizza left, my little brother had eaten it all. (Past Perfect)
There is no pizza left, My little brother has just eaten it all. (Present Perfect)
Time expressions (маркери часу)used with the Past Perfect: by (by the time, by the end of the year, by Saturday, by four o`clock), before, after, since, for, ever, already, yet, ..
2. Complete the sentences with the words: after, before, when, by. Write in your copybook.a) I had forgotten to clean my teeth ________ I got into bed.
b) He did his homework _______ he had finished hie lunch.
c) _________ I went to sleep, I had swiched off my computer.
d) _______ midnight, we had finished our project.
Past Simple & Past Perfect.
Remember! Past Simple we use when we talk about:
-- past action which happened one after the other;
-- past habit or state;
-- completed action or event which happened at a stated past time.
When you choose between Past Simple and Past Perfect, you need to state which action happened first (Вибираючи між двома часовими формами, перш за все, ми маємо визначити дію, яка відбулася першою - саме там і вживаємо Past Perfect).
eg.: When I left the house, I realised that I had forgotten my keys.The first action is `I had forgotten my keys`
The second - ` I left the house and realised`
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. - У мене не було грошей, тому що я втратив гаманець.
3. Fill the sentences with Past Simple or Past Perfect. Write in your copybook.
a) After I ______ (finish) cleaning our garden I _____ (decide) to go for a walk.
b) Marta ______ (not/start) studing before John ______ (leave).
c) When he _____ (see) Julie, he _____ (realise) that he ____ (meet) Kate before.
d) She _____ (eat) all the sweets by the time the other children _____ (arrive) at the party.
e) The patient ______ (die) before the ambulance ______ (reach) the hospital.
f) When Julie _____ (arrive) to the cinema, the film _____ (already/start).
4. Make up 3 sentences about yourself using Past Perfect.
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